Cognitive Biases

in Cognitive Biases

Trait ascription bias – the tendency for people to view themselves as relatively variable in terms of personality, behavior and mood while viewing others as much more predictable.

in Cognitive Biases

Ultimate attribution error – similar to the fundamental attribution error, in this error a person is likely to make an internal attribution to an entire group instead of the individuals within the group.

in Cognitive Biases

Just-world phenomenon – the tendency for people to believe that the world is just and therefore people "get what they deserve."

in Cognitive Biases

Outgroup homogeneity bias – individuals see members of their own group as being relatively more varied than members of other groups.

in Cognitive Biases

Projection bias – the tendency to unconsciously assume that others (or one's future selves) share one's current emotional states, thoughts and values.

in Cognitive Biases

Self-serving bias – the tendency to claim more responsibility for successes than failures. It may also manifest itself as a tendency for people to evaluate ambiguous information in a way beneficial to their interests (see also group-serving bias).

in Cognitive Biases

Self-fulfilling prophecy (also called "behavioral confirmation effect") – the tendency to engage in behaviors that elicit results which will (consciously or not) confirm existing attitudes.

in Cognitive Biases

System justification – the tendency to defend and bolster the status quo. Existing social, economic, and political arrangements tend to be preferred, and alternatives disparaged sometimes even at the expense of individual and collective self-interest. (See also status quo bias.)

in Cognitive Biases

Halo effect – the tendency for a person's positive or negative traits to "spill over" from one area of their personality to another in others' perceptions of them (see also physical attractiveness stereotype).

in Cognitive Biases

Herd instinct – common tendency to adopt the opinions and follow the behaviors of the majority to feel safer and to avoid conflict.