Cognitive Biases

in Cognitive Biases

Hawthorne effect – the tendency to perform or perceive differently when one knows they are being observed.

in Cognitive Biases

Hindsight bias – sometimes called the "I-knew-it-all-along" effect, the tendency to see past events as being predictable.

in Cognitive Biases

Illusory correlation – beliefs that inaccurately suppose a relationship between a certain type of action and an effect.

in Cognitive Biases

Neglect of prior base rates effect – the tendency to neglect known odds when reevaluating odds in light of weak evidence.

in Cognitive Biases

Availability cascade – a self-reinforcing process in which a collective belief gains more and more plausibility through its increasing repetition in public discourse (or "repeat something long enough and it will become true").

in Cognitive Biases

Ambiguity effect – the tendency to avoid options for which missing information makes the probability seem "unknown."

in Cognitive Biases

Anchoring effect – the tendency to rely too heavily, or "anchor," on a past reference or on one trait or piece of information when making decisions (also called "insufficient adjustment").

in Cognitive Biases

Attentional bias – the tendency to neglect relevant data when making judgments of a correlation or association.

in Cognitive Biases

Authority bias – the tendency to value an ambiguous stimulus (e.g., an art performance) according to the opinion of someone who is seen as an authority on the topic.

in Cognitive Biases

Availability heuristic – estimating what is more likely by what is more available in memory, which is biased toward vivid, unusual, or emotionally charged examples.